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Analysis of Sunflower Shells by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Jiang, Guilin Husseini, Ghaleb Baxter, Larry L. Linford, Matthew R.
Jiang, Guilin
Husseini, Ghaleb
Baxter, Larry L.
Linford, Matthew R.
Date
2005
Advisor
Type
Peer-Reviewed
Article
Published version
Article
Published version
Degree
Description
Abstract
Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Sunflower shells are an example of an agricultural residue (byproduct of food and feed production) of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of sunflower shells provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel (C, H, N, S, and O); chlorine analysis — reported here as part of the ultimate analysis but formally a separate procedure; proximate analysis — the proximate composition of the fuel (moisture, fixed carbon, volatiles, and ash); heating value — the specific heat of combustion; ash chemistry analysis — an elemental analysis of the ash content, expressed as oxides (which does not imply that they occur as oxides in the fuel). These data are summarized with the XPS spectra.